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Services |
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Adoption
Process |
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International Adoption is a very complicated and at
the same time is a very rewarding process. Thousands and thousands
families adopt every year from overseas. Orphans Adoption is proud
to be part of this exciting process and making some ground braking
changes in the way it’s done. Our agency solely focuses on the
family and its needs rather then simply on the paperwork alone like
many other agencies do. We stay close to our families through the
whole process of international adoption from start to very end.
From your fist phone call or email to Orphans Adoption you will be
working with a live person and will be able to talk on the phone
with a live person whenever you needed in order to resolve any
obstacles or confusions (we are not supporting automated phone
services, and if you call us during business hours there always be
a live person answering your phone on the other side with the
greeting from Orphans Adoption).
Learn more
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Adoption
Stories |
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ADOPTION KAZAKHSTAN: KAZAKHSTAN ECONOMY
Overview: Kazakhstan, the largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, excluding Russia, possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also is a large agricultural - livestock and grain - producer. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a growing machine-building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse in demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products resulted in a short-term contraction of the economy, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97, the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. Kazakhstan enjoyed double-digit growth in 2000-01 - and a solid 9.5% in 2002 - thanks largely to its booming energy sector, but also to economic reform, good harvests, and foreign investment. The opening of the Caspian Consortium pipeline in 2001, from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially raised export capacity. The country has embarked upon an industrial policy designed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the oil sector, by developing light industry. Additionally, the policy aims to reduce the influence of foreign investment and foreign personnel; the government has engaged in several disputes with foreign oil companies over the terms of production agreements, and tensions continue.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $120 billion (2002 est.)
GDP Growth: 9.5% (2002 est.)
GDP Capita: purchasing power parity - $7,200 (2002 est.)
GDP Composition: agriculture: 9%
industry: 40%
services: 51% (2002 est.)
Poverty: 26% (2001 est.)
Income: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.3% (2001) Distribution of family income - Gini index: 35.4 (1996)
Inflation: 6% (2002 est.)
Labor Force: 8.4 million (1999)
Labor Occupation: industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50% (2002 est.)
Budget: revenues: $4.2 billion
expenditures: $5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of (2001 est.)
Industries: oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials
Production Growth: 10% (2002 est.)
Electric Production: 52.43 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Source: fossil fuel: 84.3%
hydro: 15.7%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0%
Electric Consumption: 48.36 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Export: 3.6 billion kWh (2001)
Electric Import: 3.2 billion kWh (2001)
Oil Production: 798,200 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil Consumption: 195,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)
Oil Exports: NA (2001)
Oil Imports: NA (2001)
Oil Reserves: 2.709 billion bbl (37257)
Gas Production: 10.08 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Consumption: 14.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Exports: 4.1 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Imports: 8.3 billion cu m (2001 est.)
Gas Reserves: 920.3 billion cu m (37257)
Agriculture: grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock
Exports: $10.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Export Commodities: oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001)
Export Partners: Russia 16.2%, Bermuda 12.1%, China 11.3%, Germany 8.8%, Italy 5.5%, Ukraine 4.9%, France 4% (2002)
Imports: $9.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Import Commodities: machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001)
Import Partners: Russia 37.1%, US 9.3%, China 9.3%, Germany 9.1% (2002)
Debt: $6.6 billion (2002 est.)
Aid: $610 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000
Currency: tenge (KZT)
Currency Code: KZT
Exchange: tenge per US dollar - 153.28 (2002), 146.74 (2001), 142.13 (2000), 119.52 (1999), 78.3 (1998)
Fiscal: calendar year
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